Biology 4380/8386 Morphology of Non-Vascular Plants

1. Green algal cells have chloroplasts with starch synthesizing and storage structures called

_____________________________.

2. The motile, colonial line of evolution in the division Chlorophyta is represented by the Order

_________________________.

3. An example of a green alga with an isomorphic alternation of generations is

____________________________.

4. In Oedogonium the ___________________________ type life cycle is the one with dwarf males.

5. Name two genera of desmids. __________________________ and

__________________________.

6. The type of sexual reproduction in Spirogyra is called

__________________________.

7. The common name for members of the Division Charophyta is the

_________________________.

8. Diatoms belong to the Class _______________________________.

9. The cell walls of diatoms have heavy deposits of _____________________ as well as cellulose, and the two overlapping pieces are called

_____________________.

10. Euglenoid flagellates have an outer covering called the

____________________ and it differs from a typical cell wall in that it is

made primarily of

________________________ rather than of carbohydrates.

11. Red tides are caused by members of the Division ____________________.

12. In Vaucheria, the huge, multinucleate and multiflagelled zoospore is called a

_________________________ zoospore.

13. The _________________ diatoms are those with bilateral symmetry, movement, and a raphe system, while the

_____________________ diatoms are marine, radially symmetrical, and lack motility.

14. The primary xanthophyll pigment of the brown algae is the compound

___________________________.

15. Fucus and Ascophyllum are inhabitants of the ___________________ zone.

16. The male and female gametes in Fucus are produced in special structures called

________________________ which in turn are embedded in the

swollen tips of the plant called the __________________________.

17. In Ectocarpus the gametophyte plant produces gametes in structures

called ________________ ____________________ (2 words).

18. Name a Division of algae which are important in the building of tropical

reef systems _____________________________.

19. The female reproductive structure in the red algae is called the

____________________.

20. Name two important commercial products derived from red algae.

_______________________ and ________________________.

21. In the life cycle of Polysiphonia, the ________________________ generation produces haploid spores by meiosis.

22. In the plasmodial slime molds, two types of spore-producing structures are called

____________________________ and ________________________ .

23. Sexual reproduction in the myxomycetes involved the formation of

____________________________.

26. The orientation of a cell or organism to light intensity is called

______________________________.

27. According to one of our readings, slime molds are able to evade

__________________________ best when a slime sheath is present.

28. In which algal genus did we learn that aluminum and copper together have an increased toxicity effect? _____________________________

        29. Spores in the myxomycetes (acellular slime molds) germinate to become

        ___________________________ or _________________________ depending on

        the amount of water available.

II. Answer the following questions with the letters T or F (30 points).

_____ 1. Hydrodictyon produces coenocytic cells in its net-like thallus.

_____ 2. Most common life cycle in the green algae is the haploid type.

_____ 3. Nucules and globules are sex organs of stoneworts.

_____ 4. Most diatoms are diploid.

_____ 5. Vaucheria or "water felt" is a member of the Xanthophyceae.

_____ 6. The Conchocelis stage is found in the life cycle of Porphyra.

_____ 7. The haptonema is a structure found in green algae.

_____ 8. "Burning of the sea at night" is caused by the bioluminescent dinoflagellate named Noctiluca.

_____ 9. Phacus is a member of the Division Euglenophyta.

_____ 10. Unarmored dinoflagellates are so termed because they have no cell wall at all.

_____ 11. Algin and alginates are derived from red algae.

_____ 12. Brown algal motile cells have two whiplash flagella.

_____ 13. Kelps have a heteromorphic alternation of generations life cycle.

_____ 14. The food reserve of the brown algae is called paramylon.

_____ 15. Ectocarpus has an isomorphic alternation of generations.

_____ 16. Macrocystis and Nereocystis are members of the Division Phaeophyta.

_____ 17. Dictyota is a brown alga which grows by division of a single large apical cell.

_____ 18. Fucus plants are diploid.

_____ 19. Polysiphonia produces motile gametes.

_____ 20. Red algae are most diverse in the warm ocean waters of the tropics.

_____ 21. A unicellular member of the red algae is Nemalion.

_____ 22. Polysiphonia and Porphyra both belong to the same Subclass of the Rhodophyta.

_____ 23. Cryptomonas has two tinsel flagella.

_____ 24. The "grex" or "slug" of Dictyostelium has the pre-spore cells mostly at the front end (tip).

_____ 25. Exospores and endospores are produced by some members of the cyanobacteria.

_____ 26. Ctenocladus and Dunaliella are two genera of green algae that can survive in aquatic environments of high salinity.

_____ 27. There are no known prokaryotes with chlorophylls a and b.

_____ 28. Hypnospores are produced by dinoflagellates.

_____ 29. In Ectocaprus, plants with both plurilocular and unilocular structures must be sporophytes.

_____ 30. Spongospora is a member of the Plasmodiophoromycetes or "endoparasitic slime molds."

III. Briefly define or explain five (5) of the following terms and be sure to give an example of an organism that displaying the characteristic (10 points).

1. HETEROTRICHOUS GROWTH

2. LORICA

3. HETEROCYSTS

4. PIT CONNECTIONS

5. MONOSPORES

6. SOROCARP

7. DWARF MALES

8. ZOOXANTHELLAE

1. Briefly explain how four characteristics are used to separate and define the various divisions of "protists." Give some specific examples of these characteristics for the groups you discuss.

2. Discuss some of the problems in defining the "protists" making sure to mention specific groups.

3. Compare the life cycles of Fucus and Laminaria.

4. With words and simple diagrams, outline the life cycle of Porphyra or Ulva (pick only one).

5. Discuss the evolutionary "position" of the stoneworts and why some authors might consider them "plants" rather than "algae."

6. Discuss some problems in defining "fungi" making sure to mention specific groups.