Biology 4380/8386 Name ____________________________ Final Exam

II. Use the space provided to briefly define or explain the term or terms listed. Give an appropriate example. CHOOSE 10 of the 12 (20 points).

1. peristome

2. gemmae

3. heterothallic

4. mycorrhizae

5. ascogonium

6. photobiont (phycobiont)

7. telium

8. chlamydospore

9. holocarpic

10. foliose

11. depsides

12. archegoniophore

1. What is the name given to an asexual, motile reproductive cell in the Oomycete fungi?

________________________________

2. Synchytrium endobioticum causes a plant disease known as

________________________________________________.

3. Cell walls of most of the fungi and fungal protists are composed of the substance

________________________; however, the cell walls of the Oomycota

are made primarily of ________________________________.

4. The organism which causes "downy mildew of grape" belongs to the genus

_________________________________, but can be controlled by a fungicide

called the _________________________________________.

5. If an organism has two multicellular generations (a sporophyte and a gametophyte), the type of life cycle is called

____________________________ of ___________________________. Name an

organism with this type of life cycle.

___________________________________.

6. Which Division of Fungi lacks motile cells and has coenocytic hyphae?

__________________________________.

7. Entomophthora muscae is a parasitic fungus which attacks

__________________________________.

8. A cell with two nuclei (usually of different mating types) is described as

_________________________________.

9. Name a fungal hormone. ___________________________________.

10. Three types of ascocarps found in the Division Ascomycota are the

______________________________, __________________________ and the

____________________________.

11. The three major growth forms in lichens are _________________________,

_______________________, and _______________________________

12. The genera of the powdery mildews (Order Erysiphales) are told apart by the morphology of their

____________________________ which help them attach to leaves.

13. The organism which causes ergot of rye is _______________________________.

14. Puccinia and other rusts which have two hosts are termed

____________________________________ rusts.

15. In the cedar-apple rust, Gymnosporangium, the conspicuous orange structures seen in the spring on juniper trees is the

____________________________ stage in the life cycle.

16. In most mosses, the spore germinates and grows into a filamentous stage

called the ____________________________.

17. The __________________________ (growth form) liverworts are the most diverse and are most common in the tropics

18. In the capsule of most hepatics, special hygroscopic cells called

__________________ can be found which assist in spore dispersal.

19. The elongate, water conducting cells of some mosses are called the

_________________________.

20. Which moss genus has microscopic gametophytes (only one or few leaves) and

a large, complex sporophyte? _______________________________.

21. The female reproductive structure in the red algae is called the carpogonium

while in the bryophytes it is the __________________________.

22. White rust of crucifers is caused by the genus _________________________.

1. ____ Hyphochytrids produce flagellated cells with a single, anterior, tinsel flagellum.

2. ____ In Saprolegnia, the individual nuclei of the coenocytic hyphae are haploid.

3. ____ Members of the Division Chytridiomycota are characterized by the production of two flagella on their gametes, one tinsel and one whiplash.

4. ____ The gamete-attracting hormone in Allomyces is called cyclic AMP.

5. ____ In the life cycle of Rhizopus, the zygosporangia are produced by the fusion of gametangia.

6. ____ All yeasts carry out cell division (cytokinesis) by budding.

7. ____ Ascomycota and Basidiomycota never produce flagellated, motile cells.

8. ____ The organism responsible for the plant disease called "peach leaf curl" is Taphrina deformans, an ascomycete.

9. ____ Most of the lichen-forming fungi belong to the "Discomycetes."

10. ____ Lichens are not as sensitive to air pollution as most higher plants.

11. ____ Smuts normally have two hosts, while rusts usually have only one.

12. ____ Basidiospores in the Homobasidiomycetes are found only on gills.

13. ____ The ending --ales refers to a CLASS in the fungi.

14. ____ All of the "Fungi Imperfecti" produce conidia.

15. ____ Stinkhorns and bird's nest fungi belong to the "Gasteromycetes" not the "Hymenomycetes."

16. _____ Most of the leafy liverworts belong to the Order Jungermanniales.

17. _____ The operculum of bryophytes is haploid.

18. _____ A pseudopodium is produced in the genus Sphagnum.

19. _____ In Marchantia the mature sporophytes develop from the underside of the archegonial rays of the archegoniophore.

20. _____ Sphaerocarpus is a liverwort.

21. _____ Oil bodies are common in mosses.

22. _____ Chlorophyllose cells and hyaline cells are found in the leaves of Polytrichum.

23. _____ Spores in Sphagnum are forcibly discharged from the capsule.

24. _____ According to Barbara Crandall-Stotler the liverworts, mosses, and hornworts should probably be retained in a single Division.

25. _____ Air-layering is a method of propagating woody perennial plants like pines.

1. Discuss the circumscription (definition) of the Kingdom Fungi. Which groups do you think should be included and which excluded and why?

2. Illustrate the life cycle of Puccinia graminis.

3. Explain a couple of ways you might search the World Wide Web for information on edible fungi.

4. Illustrate the life cycle of Polytrichum (a typical moss).

5. Dispersal of spores (of various types) is an important process in most "lower plants." Discuss at least three ways in which this is accomplished with at least three examples from the "heterotrophic protists," fungi, and bryophytes.

6. Explain why the genus Sphagnum is an unusual moss and placed in its own Subclass Sphagnidae.

7. Why is the idea of placing the lichens in a Division (Mycophycophyta) by themselves an evolutionarily untenable practice. Explain.

You have just discovered what you think is a new species of a fleshy fungus (mushroom). How would you go about validly describing and publishing this discovery.